Topic learning path
Romanian verbs: forms, tenses, moods, and voice
Romanian verbs mark person, tense, mood, and voice through inflected forms and multiword constructions. The route starts with dictionary forms and conjugation groups, but an infinitive ending does not fully predict the present tense, so the next stage builds each present pattern in turn. Those present forms and the past participle then supply the compound past, the passive, and the other multiword constructions. The path finishes with non-finite forms, voice, and tense relations across clauses.
Your progress
0 of 30 lessons complete
Read dictionary forms and classify conjugation groups
- The Romanian infinitive and dictionary formLearn how Romanian dictionaries cite verbs with a + short infinitive, how to spot a useful stem, and when the bare form appears in real sentences.CompletedA1
- Romanian verb conjugation groupsLearn how Romanian verbs are grouped by the ending of the infinitive and how to use that label without overpredicting the present tense.CompletedA2
Build present-tense paradigms
- The present tense of a fi: Romanian “to be”Learn the complete set of present-tense forms of a fi and use them for identity, description, location, existence, negation, and questions.CompletedA1
- The present tense of a avea: to haveLearn am, ai, are, avem, aveți, and au for possession, age, need, questions, and negation.CompletedA1
- Present-tense patterns for -a verbsLearn the two main present-tense patterns for Romanian verbs ending in -a, including when to use -ez and how to handle spelling changes.CompletedA1
- Present-tense patterns for -ea verbsLearn the present forms of common Romanian -ea verbs, including a vedea, a cădea, and a putea, and use them in statements, questions, and negatives.CompletedA2
- Present-tense patterns for -e verbsLearn the main present-tense patterns for Romanian verbs whose infinitive ends in -e, with complete paradigms and common stem changes.CompletedA2
- Present-tense patterns for -i and -î verbsLearn the main present-tense patterns for Romanian verbs ending in -i and -î, including -esc- and -ăsc- extensions, stem changes, and common exceptions.CompletedA2
- Common irregular verbs in the presentLearn the present forms and everyday uses of Romanian irregular verbs such as a fi, a avea, a putea, a vrea, and a ști.CompletedA2
- Stem changes in the Romanian present tenseLearn how Romanian present-tense stems change vowels, consonants, and spelling, and how to record the forms that the infinitive cannot predict.CompletedB1
Choose past forms by viewpoint, time order, and register
- The Romanian past participleLearn to form Romanian past participles, memorize frequent unpredictable forms, and decide when a participle stays unchanged or agrees.CompletedA2
- The Romanian compound past: perfectul compusLearn how to form and use perfectul compus with the correct auxiliary, past participle, negation, and clitic placement.CompletedA2
- The Romanian imperfectLearn how Romanian forms the imperfect for past scenes, habits, background actions, and softer requests.CompletedA2
- Perfectul compus or imperfectul?Learn how Romanian chooses between the compound perfect and imperfect to present completed events, background situations, habits, and ongoing past actions.CompletedB1
- The Romanian pluperfectLearn the synthetic Romanian pluperfect, its person endings, irregular stems, and use for an action completed before another past event.CompletedB2
- The simple perfect and its regional useLearn how Romanian forms perfectul simplu and how its use in literary narrative and regional speech differs from perfectul compus.CompletedC1
Compare futures with *o să* and *voi*, then express future from a past viewpoint
- The future with o săLearn how invariant o să combines with present-subjunctive forms to express the Romanian future in natural contemporary speech.CompletedA2
- The future with voiLearn how to form the Romanian future with voi, place negation and clitics, and choose it alongside common conversational future forms.CompletedB1
- The future in the pastLearn how Romanian places a later event inside a past timeline with aveam să, ordinary future forms, and context-sensitive conditionals.CompletedC1
Use subjunctive, imperative, and conditional forms
- The Romanian present subjunctive with săLearn how să combines with present-tense verb forms to express wishes, requests, possibility, necessity, and related meanings.CompletedA2
- The Romanian imperativeLearn how Romanian forms affirmative and negative commands for tu, voi, and formal dumneavoastră, including irregulars and attached pronouns.CompletedA2
- The Romanian present conditionalLearn how Romanian builds the present conditional and uses it for wishes, polite requests, hypothetical results, and cautious possibilities.CompletedB1
- The Romanian past subjunctiveLearn the invariant Romanian past subjunctive, how to place clitics in it, and how it marks a completed or earlier situation.CompletedB2
- The Romanian perfect conditionalLearn how Romanian builds the perfect conditional for unreal past results and wishes, then recognize reproaches and context-dependent reported uncertainty.CompletedB2
Use reflexive and non-finite forms, passive and impersonal clauses, and tense relations
- Romanian reflexive verbsLearn how Romanian short reflexive pronouns agree with the subject and mark self-directed actions, fixed verb patterns, reciprocal actions, events without a named agent, and impersonal clauses.CompletedA2
- The Romanian gerundLearn how Romanian forms the gerund, attaches clitics, and uses it for simultaneous, manner, cause, and condition meanings.CompletedB1
- The Romanian supineLearn how Romanian uses the supine with prepositions, especially de, for actions that English may translate with an infinitive, an -ing form, or a noun.CompletedB2
- The Romanian passive voiceLearn how Romanian forms the a fi passive, agrees the past participle, and chooses between passive, active, and impersonal alternatives.CompletedB2
- Impersonal verbs and constructionsLearn how Romanian expresses weather, necessity, general statements, and personal states without an ordinary grammatical subject.CompletedB2
- Sequence of tenses in reported and subordinate clausesLearn how Romanian chooses verb tenses in reported speech and temporal subordinate clauses by showing time relations, viewpoint, and modality rather than applying automatic English-style backshifting.CompletedC1