The present tense of a fi: Romanian “to be”

Learn the complete present-tense paradigm of a fi and use it for identity, description, location, existence, negation, and questions.

The verb a fi means to be. Its present tense is irregular, so learn the six forms as a set: Sunt studentă și sunt în București. (I am a student and I am in Bucharest.)

How do you conjugate a fi in the present?

Choose the finite form — the verb form that carries tense and agrees with the subject — by person and number; do not try to derive these forms from one regular stem.

SubjectPresent formNatural example
eu (I)suntSunt acasă. (I am at home.)
tu (you, singular)eștiEști gata? (Are you ready?)
el / ea (he / she)este or eEa este profesoară. (She is a teacher.)
noi (we)suntemSuntem în clasă. (We are in the classroom.)
voi (you, plural) / dumneavoastră (polite you)suntețiSunteți aici? (Are you here?)
ei / ele (they)suntEi sunt obosiți. (They are tired.)

What does a fi express?

In the present, a fi can link a subject to an identity or description, locate something, or state that something exists in a place. The meaning comes from the words around the form.

UseRomanian patternExample
Identity, role, or nationalitysubject + a fi + noun or adjectiveSunt studentă. El este român. (I am a student. He is Romanian.)
Descriptionsubject + a fi + adjectiveCartea este interesantă. (The book is interesting.)
Locationsubject + a fi + place phraseCheile sunt pe masă. (The keys are on the table.)
Existence or presenceplace phrase + este / sunt + nounÎn cameră sunt două scaune. (There are two chairs in the room.)

The identity and description patterns are often called copular uses: a fi connects the subject with a name, class, or property. In a locative use, it says where the subject is. In an existential use, este or sunt can mean “there is” or “there are”: Este o carte pe masă. (There is a book on the table.) For place prepositions such as la and în, see the location contrast.

Can you omit the subject pronoun?

Yes. Romanian often leaves out a personal subject pronoun when the verb form and context make the subject clear. This is normal neutral usage, not an informal shortcut.

  • Sunt acasă. (I am at home.) The form sunt can identify an omitted eu when the context supplies it.
  • Suntem în București. (We are in Bucharest.) The form suntem identifies an omitted noi.
  • Keep the pronoun for contrast or emphasis: Eu sunt acasă, iar ea este la bibliotecă. (I am at home, while she is at the library.) See Romanian subject pronouns.
  • Remember that sunt can also be third-person plural: Sunt gata. may mean “I am ready” or “They are ready.” Context, or an explicit pronoun, resolves the meaning.

For polite address, dumneavoastră takes the second-person plural form sunteți, even when you are speaking to one person: Dumneavoastră sunteți doamna Popescu? (Are you Mrs Popescu?) The adjective or noun phrase can still reflect the actual person being addressed.

How do you make a fi negative?

Put nu directly before the finite form of a fi. The form still agrees with the subject; only the polarity changes.

PositiveNegativeMeaning
Sunt acasă.Nu sunt acasă.I am at home. / I am not at home.
Ea este aici.Ea nu este aici.She is here. / She is not here.
Suntem în clasă.Nu suntem în clasă.We are in the classroom. / We are not in the classroom.
În cameră sunt scaune.În cameră nu sunt scaune.There are chairs in the room. / There are no chairs in the room.

This is the same basic placement used with other Romanian verbs: nu comes before the finite verb. Review Romanian sentence negation with nu for negative clauses beyond a fi.

How do you ask questions with a fi?

A basic yes-or-no question keeps the same words and verb form as a statement; speech uses question intonation, and writing uses a question mark. Romanian does not need an English-style auxiliary or obligatory subject–verb inversion.

  • Ești acasă? (Are you at home?) The second-person singular form stays ești.
  • Ana este în clasă? (Is Ana in the classroom?) The named subject can come before the verb.
  • Sunt cheile pe masă? (Are the keys on the table?) The plural subject cheile takes sunt.
  • Unde este Ana? (Where is Ana?) A question word such as unde comes first; the named subject follows the verb in this natural location question.
  • Nu ești obosită? (Aren’t you tired?) A negative question places nu before ești and can ask for confirmation. See Romanian yes–no questions.

When should you use este or e?

Este and e are both accepted third-person singular present forms of a fi and both mean “is.” Este is the full form and is a dependable choice in careful prose; e is the shorter form, especially common in conversation and ordinary messages. They are not different persons or different tenses.

FormExampleMeaning
Full form esteRaportul este gata.The report is ready.
Short form eRaportul e gata.The report is ready.

Write the current standard forms with their Romanian spelling: ești, suntem, sunteți, and sunt. Keep ș and ț in the written forms, and do not replace the full forms with an English-style pronunciation spelling.

Mistakes to avoid

  • Match person and number: eu sunt, tu ești, noi suntem, and ei sunt; do not use eu ești or ei suntem.
  • Do not treat e as a separate verb. It is the short third-person singular form alongside este: El e aici. (He is here.)
  • Do not add an English-style word for “there” before an existential clause. Romanian can say Este un scaun în cameră. (There is a chair in the room.)
  • Make a predicate adjective agree with the subject: Ea este obosită. (She is tired.) but Ei sunt obosiți. (They are tired.) See Romanian agreement.
  • Keep the diacritics in ești and sunteți. They are part of the standard written forms, not optional decoration.
  1. Complete: Noi ___ în clasă.

    • sunt
    • suntem
    • sunteți
    • ești

    The first-person plural subject noi takes suntem: Noi suntem în clasă.

  2. Which form goes with dumneavoastră when you address one person politely?

    • ești
    • este
    • sunteți
    • suntem

    Polite dumneavoastră takes the second-person plural form sunteți, even for one addressee.

  3. Which sentence means “They are tired”?

    • Ei sunt obosiți.
    • Ei este obosiți.
    • Ei ești obosiți.
    • Ei suntem obosiți.

    The third-person plural subject ei takes sunt: Ei sunt obosiți.

  4. Choose the negative form of Suntem în clasă.

    • Nu sunt în clasă.
    • Nu este în clasă.
    • Nu ești în clasă.
    • Nu suntem în clasă.

    Put nu directly before the matching finite form: Nu suntem în clasă.

  5. Which sentence uses a fi to mean “There is a book on the table”?

    • Cartea este pe masă.
    • Este o carte pe masă.
    • Are o carte pe masă.
    • Sunt o carte pe masă.

    The existential pattern Este o carte pe masă. states that a book exists or is present on the table. Cartea este pe masă locates a specific book instead.

Test yourself

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Complete: Noi ___ în clasă.
Exercise

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