Topic learning path
Romanian cases: from sentence roles to forms
Romanian cases show how nouns and pronouns relate to verbs, prepositions, or other nouns. The vocative marks direct address. Start with gender, number, and the definite article, then match sentence roles to the five cases. Nominative and accusative often share forms, as do genitive and dative. From there, use possession patterns and case-selecting prepositions before working with proper names.
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Use gender and number to build definite forms
- Romanian noun gender: masculine, feminine, and neuterFor a noun you can count, use its singular and plural forms to identify its gender and choose matching articles, numbers, and adjectives.CompletedA1
- How Romanian noun plurals workLearn the main Romanian plural endings and record each noun with its singular article and plural form.CompletedA1
- The Romanian definite article: how to say “the”Romanian normally puts the definite article at the end of the noun: casă becomes casa (the house).CompletedA1
Match sentence roles to the five cases
Distinguish direct, indirect, and prepositional complements
- Core Romanian prepositionsLearn the main Romanian prepositions for place, source, association, purpose, absence, and limits, plus the noun forms that follow them.CompletedA1
- The direct-object marker peLearn when Romanian marks a direct object with pe and when a matching object clitic is also needed.CompletedA2
- Stressed direct and indirect object pronounsLearn Romanian's full object-pronoun forms, including pe mine and mie, and use them for clear contrast and emphasis.CompletedA2
Choose genitive and dative forms
- Genitive and dative noun formsLearn the shared Romanian noun forms for possession and recipients, including definite and indefinite article changes.CompletedB1
- The genitive article al, a, ai, and aleLearn how al, a, ai, and ale agree with the possessed noun and when Romanian uses them in a genitive phrase.CompletedB1
- Unstressed indirect object pronounsLearn Romanian dative clitics, choose one by person and number, and place its separate or attached form with common verb forms.CompletedB1
Express possession with possessive forms and dative clitics
- Possessive adjectives and pronounsLearn how Romanian possessive forms agree with the thing possessed and when they use al, a, ai, or ale.CompletedA2
- Dative possessive constructionsLearn how Romanian dative clitics can identify the possessor of a definite noun, especially in verb-centered everyday sentences.CompletedB2
Choose prepositions by meaning, verb pattern, and case
- La or în for location?Learn when Romanian uses la or în for places, destinations, institutions, settlements, countries, and interiors.CompletedA2
- Din, de la, and de for originChoose din for an inside or geographic source, de la for a source point, and de before common source adverbs.CompletedA2
- Prepositions that take the accusativeLearn which common Romanian prepositions select the accusative and how noun articles, pronouns, and the two uses of pe behave after them.CompletedB1
- Fixed verb–preposition combinationsLearn high-frequency Romanian verb frames as lexical units, choose the right preposition, and use full pronouns after them.CompletedB1
- Prepositions that take the genitiveLearn a bounded set of Romanian genitive-taking prepositions and locutions, with noun and pronoun forms, contrasts, variants, and common traps.CompletedB2
- Prepositions that take the dativeLearn six common Romanian dative-selecting items, their noun and pronoun forms, and the meaning and register of each choice.CompletedB2
- Compound prepositions and prepositional phrasesLearn how Romanian multiword prepositions and prepositional locutions are built, what case they govern, and how to avoid translating them word for word.CompletedB2
Use direct address and inflect proper names
- The Romanian vocativeLearn how Romanian marks direct address, when the noun takes a special form, and which forms are register-sensitive.CompletedB1
- Articles with names and proper nounsLearn when Romanian personal and place names stay bare, use genitive-dative forms such as Mariei and lui Ion, or appear with an attached definite article.CompletedB1